BREAKING NEWS
Windows FragmentSmack — Patch or Die
![Windows FragmentSmack — Patch or Die](http://d23vnjd1yg7tth.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Windows-FragmentSmack-—-Patch-or-Die.jpg)
Windows FragmentSmack — Patch or Die. When we say all your Windows systems, we mean all of them from Windows 7 through 10, Windows Server 2008 up to Windows Server 2016 as well as Windows Core. This is due to the latest zero-day vulnerability known as FragmentSmack which affects all versions of Windows down to Windows 10.1. This problem even affects Windows RT.
FragmentSmack is a known Denial of Service Attack (DoS) which takes advantage of TCP fragmentation. An attacker sends small packets of data made wherein they fail to reassemble at the receiving end due to intentional missing fragments. The result is that the system will try to reassemble the packets effectively clogging the system, making the CPU reach a maximum utilization level thus making the system freeze.
When weaponized, attackers can disable systems by sending 8-byte sized IP fragments that have random starting offsets and no final fragments.
Of course not all systems can be immediately updated due to policy and other concerns. Microsoft recommends a workaround by disabling packet reassembly which can be done with the following commands:
Netsh int ipv4 set global reassemblylimit=0
Netsh int ipv6 set global reassemblylimit=0
The commands will drop any packets that are out of order. This will slow the system down a little due to losses and resends but it’s the best choice for administrators who have for some reason need to put off patching. The problem isn’t exclusive to Windows as this was first discovered in Linux distributions that use kernel 3.9 and above. The problem has since been patched and Windows users need to do the same.
Security products such as Checkpoint are also affected so until Checkpoint also comes up with a patch, Microsoft’s temporary solution is the way to go.
Remote-Piloted JET
Speaking of the September 2018 Patch Tuesday, what Microsoft failed to include was a patch for their JET (Joint Engine Technology) Database Engine vulnerability. The technology is present in many Microsoft products including Microsoft Access and Visual Basic and like the previous vulnerability, goes way back to previous versions of Windows.
This vulnerability can allow attackers to remotely execute code, which makes it more dangerous than FragmentSmack. JET apparently has an index management problem which is successfully exploited, can result in out-of-bounds memory write, to which attackers can inject code and perform remote execution.
Zero-Day Initiative had no choice but to disclose this vulnerability as it wasn’t included in Patch Tuesday and is past its 120-day deadline.
Photo by Tadas Sar on Unsplash
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BREAKING NEWS
UK Fines Facebook over Cambridge Analytica Scandal
![UK-Fines-Facebook-over-Cambridge-Analytica-Scandal](http://d23vnjd1yg7tth.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/UK-Fines-Facebook-over-Cambridge-Analytica-Scandal.jpg)
UK Fines Facebook over Cambridge Analytica Scandal. The UK has hit Facebook a fine of $645,000 for the Cambridge Analytica Scandal. It was revealed earlier this year that they had harvested the personal data of millions of profiles without the user’s consent and used it for political purposes. It is estimated that 87 million users were affected.
The fine has been enforced by the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) and was calculated using a pre-GDPR formula for data breach fines. Using the UK’s old Data Protection Act to fine Facebook, rather than GDPR they can only give a maximum penalty of £500,000, which is equal to what the social media giant earns every 18 minutes.
GDPR rules dictate a maximum fine of 4% of annual global turnover, which would be $1.6 billion. Unfortunately the the GDPR regulation wasn’t in place when the Cambridge Analytica story broke, coming into force in May 2018.
The UK investigation concluded that Facebook’s APIs had been allowing developers access to users information without them providing proper consent, for a long period of time between 2007 and 2014. Once they realized this loophole existed and patched it up, they did nothing to investigate the data compromised or ensure it was deleted.
[FACEBOOK] should have known better and it should have done better… We considered these contraventions to be so serious we imposed the maximum penalty under the previous legislation. The fine would inevitably have been significantly higher under the GDPR
Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham said in a statement
Facebook has said they are reviewing the ICO’s findings and stated they “respectfully disagree” with some of the report, but admit they should have done more to protect users data. They also added that they found no evidence that British users profile information was shared with Cambridge Analytica.
BREAKING NEWS
Libssh Security Flaw leaves thousands of servers vulnerable to hijacking
![Libssh Security Flaw leaves thousands of servers vulnerable to hijacking](http://d23vnjd1yg7tth.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Libssh-Security-Flaw-leaves-thousands-of-servers-vulnerable-to-hijacking.jpg)
Libssh Security Flaw leaves thousands of servers vulnerable to hijacking. A security flaw in libssh leaves thousands, and potentially more, servers vulnerable to an attack. Libssh is a multiplatform C library which allows users to remotely execute programs, transfer files, manage public keys and use a secure and transparent tunnel.
The security flaw, discovered by Peter Winter-Smith from NCC Group, allows a hacker to bypass the authentication process on the servers and gain access to the system without having to enter a password.
An attacker can do this by sending the SSH server “SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS” message instead of the “SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST” message that a server usually expects and which libssh uses as a sign that an authentication procedure needs to initiate.
The libssh system will treat this message to mean the authentication has already taken place and allow the attacker access to the server. The flaw (CVE-2018-10933) was released in January 2014 in release 0.6.0.
It’s estimated that the vulnerability currently affects at least 3000 servers, however this is based on a small search and the scale of the problem is not yet known. There were concerns that the popular version control site for developers to work collaboratively on projects, GitHub, was affected but they have released a statement denying this. Github claims the way they use libssh means they are not vulnerable to this exploit.
“We use a custom version of libssh; SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS with the libssh server is not relied upon for pubkey-based auth, which is what we use the library for,”
a GitHub security official said on twitter
While we use libssh, we can confirm that https://t.co/0iKPk21RVu and GitHub Enterprise are unaffected by CVE-2018-10933 due to how we use the library.
— GitHub Security (@GitHubSecurity) October 16, 2018
The security flaw is only on the server side, meaning users who have a libssh based SSH client installed on their computer will be safe from potential attackers looking to exploit this vulnerability.
While there are currently no public exploits available for the vulnerability, they are easy to put together so these are likely to pop up online in the coming days and weeks.
The team at libssh released versions 0.8.4 and 0.7.6 yesterday to handle this bug.
BREAKING NEWS
Ad Clicker Disguised as a Google Photos App has been Hosted on Microsoft Store.
![Ad Clicker Disguised as a Google Photos App has been Hosted on Microsoft Store](http://d23vnjd1yg7tth.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ad-Clicker-Disguised-as-a-Google-Photos-App-has-been-Hosted-on-Microsoft-Store.jpg)
Ad Clicker Disguised as a Google Photos App has been Hosted on Microsoft Store.
A malicious app called “Album by Google Photos” was found to be hosted on the Microsoft store. The app was pretending to be part of Google Photos, but was in fact an ad clicker that generates hidden adverts within the Windows 10 Operating System.
The ad clicker app seemed credible to users because of its name, and also the fact it claimed to be created by Google LLC, Google’s actual Microsoft store account is Google Inc, but it looks unsuspecting to users. Microsoft came under some criticism for not realising the app was actually malicious software since the user reviews did highlight that the app was fake, with plenty of 1* reviews. One review states “ My paid Anti-malware solution detected several attempts to download malware by this app. Watch out”. The App was first released on the Microsoft store in May.
What did the application do?
The “Album by Google Photos” app is a Progressive Web Application (PWA), which acts as the front end for Google Photos and includes a legitimate login screen. Hidden in the app bundle is also an ad clicker which runs in the background and generates income for the app developers.
The app connects to ad URLS, and the ads were very similar to what users would see from typical adware, including tech support scams, random chrome extensions, fake flash and java installs and general low-quality sites.
Microsoft haven’t commented how this app managed to pass the Microsoft review process before ending up on the store. This is somewhat concerning since it could mean other malicious apps of a similar nature have flown under the radar and are still infecting user’s computers. We are waiting for Microsoft to comment on the issue.
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