BREAKING NEWS
Mirai botnet authors: From criminals to FBI agents
![Mirai botnet authors From criminals to FBI agents](http://d23vnjd1yg7tth.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Mirai-botnet-authors-From-criminals-to-FBI-agents.jpg)
Mirai botnet authors: From criminals to FBI agents. Mirai is a Linux exploiting malware that specializes in “Internet of Things” (IoT) attacks. It’s designed to exploit poorly secured security cameras, video recorders and routers. It accomplishes these attacks by turning networked Linux devices into bots that can be controlled remotely, which can then be used in large scale network attacks.
Since the malware’s creation it has been involved in large scale and disruptive distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS), the biggest of which being the September attack on security Journalist Brian Kreb’s website, and also the October 2016 Dyn cyberattack.
The Dyn cyberattack made headlines because of the sheer amount of services that were affected, and the high-profile names whose security you’d expect to be tighter. Services affected by the attack included Amazon, Ancestry.com, Comcast, Fox News, GitHub, CNN, Twitter, Visa, Starbucks, Reddit, and many more huge names. In total it’s estimated that the damages exceeded $100m.
Now while taking down those huge websites garnered them negative attention that would have likely put finding the authors under a spotlight, it was attacking Brian Kreb’s website that cost them their privacy. After the attack on his website, Brian made it his personal mission to track down the perpetrators and bring them to justice.
Brian Kreb outed the three men, Paras Jha (22), Dalton Norman (21) and Josian White (20). Jha and his co-conspirators had begun creating the malware in 2016 and at a later date monetized it by renting it out to other criminals. So Brian had succeeded in outing the hackers, but what about justice?
This is where the case takes a surprising turn. The 3 men plead guilty to the charges, and it was expected that they would receive the maximum sentence of a $250,000 fine and 5 years prison time. However, the FBI asked for an 85% reduction in their sentence. This lead to them receiving 5 years of probation and 2500 hours of community service. They were also ordered to pay $127,000 in damages and volunteer cryptocurrency they made through the endeavour.
By cooperating with a reduced sentence, law enforcement will benefit from insider hacker knowledge of these types of attacks which will make them better equipped when dealing with future attacks.
BREAKING NEWS
UK Fines Facebook over Cambridge Analytica Scandal
![UK-Fines-Facebook-over-Cambridge-Analytica-Scandal](http://d23vnjd1yg7tth.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/UK-Fines-Facebook-over-Cambridge-Analytica-Scandal.jpg)
UK Fines Facebook over Cambridge Analytica Scandal. The UK has hit Facebook a fine of $645,000 for the Cambridge Analytica Scandal. It was revealed earlier this year that they had harvested the personal data of millions of profiles without the user’s consent and used it for political purposes. It is estimated that 87 million users were affected.
The fine has been enforced by the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) and was calculated using a pre-GDPR formula for data breach fines. Using the UK’s old Data Protection Act to fine Facebook, rather than GDPR they can only give a maximum penalty of £500,000, which is equal to what the social media giant earns every 18 minutes.
GDPR rules dictate a maximum fine of 4% of annual global turnover, which would be $1.6 billion. Unfortunately the the GDPR regulation wasn’t in place when the Cambridge Analytica story broke, coming into force in May 2018.
The UK investigation concluded that Facebook’s APIs had been allowing developers access to users information without them providing proper consent, for a long period of time between 2007 and 2014. Once they realized this loophole existed and patched it up, they did nothing to investigate the data compromised or ensure it was deleted.
[FACEBOOK] should have known better and it should have done better… We considered these contraventions to be so serious we imposed the maximum penalty under the previous legislation. The fine would inevitably have been significantly higher under the GDPR
Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham said in a statement
Facebook has said they are reviewing the ICO’s findings and stated they “respectfully disagree” with some of the report, but admit they should have done more to protect users data. They also added that they found no evidence that British users profile information was shared with Cambridge Analytica.
BREAKING NEWS
Libssh Security Flaw leaves thousands of servers vulnerable to hijacking
![Libssh Security Flaw leaves thousands of servers vulnerable to hijacking](http://d23vnjd1yg7tth.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Libssh-Security-Flaw-leaves-thousands-of-servers-vulnerable-to-hijacking.jpg)
Libssh Security Flaw leaves thousands of servers vulnerable to hijacking. A security flaw in libssh leaves thousands, and potentially more, servers vulnerable to an attack. Libssh is a multiplatform C library which allows users to remotely execute programs, transfer files, manage public keys and use a secure and transparent tunnel.
The security flaw, discovered by Peter Winter-Smith from NCC Group, allows a hacker to bypass the authentication process on the servers and gain access to the system without having to enter a password.
An attacker can do this by sending the SSH server “SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS” message instead of the “SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST” message that a server usually expects and which libssh uses as a sign that an authentication procedure needs to initiate.
The libssh system will treat this message to mean the authentication has already taken place and allow the attacker access to the server. The flaw (CVE-2018-10933) was released in January 2014 in release 0.6.0.
It’s estimated that the vulnerability currently affects at least 3000 servers, however this is based on a small search and the scale of the problem is not yet known. There were concerns that the popular version control site for developers to work collaboratively on projects, GitHub, was affected but they have released a statement denying this. Github claims the way they use libssh means they are not vulnerable to this exploit.
“We use a custom version of libssh; SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS with the libssh server is not relied upon for pubkey-based auth, which is what we use the library for,”
a GitHub security official said on twitter
While we use libssh, we can confirm that https://t.co/0iKPk21RVu and GitHub Enterprise are unaffected by CVE-2018-10933 due to how we use the library.
— GitHub Security (@GitHubSecurity) October 16, 2018
The security flaw is only on the server side, meaning users who have a libssh based SSH client installed on their computer will be safe from potential attackers looking to exploit this vulnerability.
While there are currently no public exploits available for the vulnerability, they are easy to put together so these are likely to pop up online in the coming days and weeks.
The team at libssh released versions 0.8.4 and 0.7.6 yesterday to handle this bug.
BREAKING NEWS
Ad Clicker Disguised as a Google Photos App has been Hosted on Microsoft Store.
![Ad Clicker Disguised as a Google Photos App has been Hosted on Microsoft Store](http://d23vnjd1yg7tth.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ad-Clicker-Disguised-as-a-Google-Photos-App-has-been-Hosted-on-Microsoft-Store.jpg)
Ad Clicker Disguised as a Google Photos App has been Hosted on Microsoft Store.
A malicious app called “Album by Google Photos” was found to be hosted on the Microsoft store. The app was pretending to be part of Google Photos, but was in fact an ad clicker that generates hidden adverts within the Windows 10 Operating System.
The ad clicker app seemed credible to users because of its name, and also the fact it claimed to be created by Google LLC, Google’s actual Microsoft store account is Google Inc, but it looks unsuspecting to users. Microsoft came under some criticism for not realising the app was actually malicious software since the user reviews did highlight that the app was fake, with plenty of 1* reviews. One review states “ My paid Anti-malware solution detected several attempts to download malware by this app. Watch out”. The App was first released on the Microsoft store in May.
What did the application do?
The “Album by Google Photos” app is a Progressive Web Application (PWA), which acts as the front end for Google Photos and includes a legitimate login screen. Hidden in the app bundle is also an ad clicker which runs in the background and generates income for the app developers.
The app connects to ad URLS, and the ads were very similar to what users would see from typical adware, including tech support scams, random chrome extensions, fake flash and java installs and general low-quality sites.
Microsoft haven’t commented how this app managed to pass the Microsoft review process before ending up on the store. This is somewhat concerning since it could mean other malicious apps of a similar nature have flown under the radar and are still infecting user’s computers. We are waiting for Microsoft to comment on the issue.
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